近视眼应该如何预防？
近视眼的病因比较复杂[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]有遗传和环境两种主要因素[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]在目前尚不能用遗传工程的办法来改造遗传基因的情况下[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]近视眼的防治重点[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]应放在改善视觉环境方面[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img] 1[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/b3utqqgmo4xnbhhc.gif[/img]大力做好宣传教育工作 成立防治近视眼的专门机构[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]使防治近视工作有组织[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]有计划地进行[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]定期检查学生视力[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]建立学生视力档案[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]发现视力降低者[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]应及时进行检查矫治[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]2[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/b3utqqgmo4xnbhhc.gif[/img]改善视觉环境
⑴教室的采光及照明力求标准化[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]窗的透光面积与室内地面积之比不低于1∶6[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]黑板不应有反光[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]并保持包乌黑或墨绿色[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]桌面上的照度不低于100Lx[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]光线应从左侧或左前方射来[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]写字时不使手的阴影遮住光线[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]
⑵课桌椅要符合人体工程学的要求[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]适合于儿童身长及年龄的特征[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]使上课或做作业时[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]能保持正确的体位与姿势[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]阅读[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]写字时[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]眼睛离桌面的距离应保持在30cm左右[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]不能小于23cm[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]
⑶养成良好的读写习惯和姿势：作业时间不宜过长[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]学习45分钟后[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]应休息10～15分钟或向远方眺望[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]使睫状肌得到适当休息[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]也可作眼保健操[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]不要躺在床上看书[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]不在走路和开动的车厢里看书[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]也不要在强烈的阳光下或暗的路灯下阅读[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/b3utqqgmo4xnbhhc.gif[/img]写字[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]更不能在近距离下长时间看电视节目[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]以免引起视疲劳和调节紧张[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]
3[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/b3utqqgmo4xnbhhc.gif[/img]注意锻炼身体和营养[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]减轻学习负担[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]增强体质[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img]
4[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/b3utqqgmo4xnbhhc.gif[/img]减少遗传因素的影响 近视眼与遗传有密切关系[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]双方均为高度近视者[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]结婚后遗传机率极高[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/yqyof1ojxnidkcmj.gif[/img]应注意优生[img]http://img.39.net/enc/2008/9/25/3bozpmjo4f6hidaq.gif[/img] ？？？？？？？？？
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